Notes: A DARPA Perspective on Artificial Intelligence - Emma

In the video, John Launchbury presents the abilities, limits, and future of technology through comparing its different forms, as it has advanced through the years. Nevertheless, it is important to note that all waves, as he described them, are still crucial in research, development, technology, and new inventions.

1. First Wave (Handcrafted knowledge)
1. Characterizing human knowledge into rules that could be implemented and interpreted by a computer
2. Pro: Reasoning over narrowly defined domains (Reasoning)
3. Cons: Poor handling of uncertainty, no learning capability, cannot interpret and predict the natural world/work with probability (Perceiving, Learning, Abstracting)
4. Ex: game-playing programs, Turbotax, cybersecurity, etc. 
2. Second Waves (Statistical Learning)
1. Creating and training statistical models (ex.: NEURAL NETWORKS: manifold hypothesis, "spreadsheets on steroids"), which learn through data inputs
2. Pros: Perceiving the natural word and learning from it, learning and adapting based on data on constant and new data, classify & predict (Perceiving, Learning)
3. Cons: Cannot apply knowledge into multiple directions, not as reliable individually as they are reliable statistically --> prone to mistakes due to working based on probability,  (Abstracting, Reasoning)
4. Ex: Face and Voice recognition, network flows
3. Third Wave (Future, Contextual Adaptation)
1. A responsive system to help understand decision-making trained through data inputs or examples
2. 

Key to Pros & Cons:

• Perceive: Observing and understanding the outside world 
• Learning: Constant gain and incorporation of knowledge
• Abstracting: Using acquired knowledge at different levels of a problem
• Reasoning: working through facts, logical reasoning